منابع مشابه
Arms Races and Car Races
Evolutionary car racing (ECR) is extended to the case of two cars racing on the same track. A sensor representation is devised, and various methods of evolving car controllers for competitive racing are explored. ECR can be combined with co-evolution in a wide variety of ways, and one aspect which is explored here is the relative-absolute fitness continuum. Systematical behavioural differences ...
متن کاملEvolution: Sexual Arms Races
The reproductive interests of males and females usually differ, resulting in sexual conflict. Recent studies in which experimental selection trials were carried out under conditions of either 'high' or 'low' sexual conflict show that conflict can promote speciation and reduce female reproductive success.
متن کاملArms Races and Negotiations
Two players simultaneously decide whether or not to acquire new weapons in an arms race game. Each player’s type determines his propensity to arm. Types are private information, and are independently drawn from a continuous distribution. With probability close to one, the best outcome for each player is for neither to acquire new weapons (although each prefers to acquire new weapons if he think...
متن کاملWhen Are Arms Races Dangerous?
Are arms races dangerous? This basic international relations question has received extensive attention.1 A large quantitative empirical literature addresses the consequences of arms races by focusing on whether they correlate with war, but remains divided on the answer.2 The theoretical literature falls into opposing camps: (1) arms races are driven by the security dilemma, are explained by the...
متن کاملThe Econometrics of Military Arms Races
This chapter reviews the econometric issues involved in estimating models of the competitive acquisition of military capability. Econometrics involves the synthesis of theory, data and statistical methods thus in reviewing the econometrics of arms races, we will pay as much attention to theory and data as we do to statistical methods. After discussing the choice of data and the theoretical issu...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1980
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/288023a0